Yesterday afternoon I went to the Seattle Art Museum to check out the new exhibits on view since the last time I visited. I love having a museum membership so that I can go in any afternoon after work and spend as much or as little time as I like, knowing I can always come back another day.
I enjoyed the Andrew Wyeth: Remembrance exhibit, particularly a landscape of his wife sleeping in a grassy field after picking blueberries. It looked like a perfect way to spend an afternoon. Another new exhibit since the last time I visited SAM is Target Practice: Paintings Under Attack 1949-1978. I will discuss one particular work I saw in this exhibit, but first a bit of background from the SAM website.
Target Practice is an international, historical survey of the attacks that painting endured in the years following World War II. For the artists in the show, painting had become a trap, and they devised numerous ways to escape the conventions and break the traditions that had been passed down to them over hundreds of years. This phenomenon occurred in all parts of the world, and the exhibition documents why artists felt compelled to shoot, rip, tear, burn, erase, nail, unzip and deconstruct painting in order to usher in a new way of thinking.
The exhibition shows how well-known artists like Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol, as well as lesser-known peers around the globe, worked to undermine the supremacy and sanctity of painting.
I will leave the discussion of “What is Art?” for another post, and just say that while I try to appreciate all forms of art, I am certainly drawn to some artforms more than others. This exhibition was comprised of a variety of modern art, canvases with nails stuck into them creating interesting shadows, ripped canvas, plywood with bullet holes, paint smeared directly onto gallery walls, canvases turned to face the wall so that the viewer only sees the back.
The work that most intrigued me was Theory of Painting by Mel Bochner.

Theory of Painting by Mel Bochner
The text on the wall explains the meaning of the 4 groupings of newspaper and blue spray paint. Clockwise from top left they are “COHERE|DISPERSE”, “COHERE|COHERE”, “DISPERSE|DISPERSE”, “DISPERSE|COHERE”
Mel Bochner (born 1940) is an American Conceptual Artist with a BFA from Carnegie Mellon University. He has taught at numerous highly regarded universities and his work is in the permanent collections of some of the most celebrated art museums.
I have limited knowledge of the Conceptual Art movement, and I had not heard of Bochner until yesterday, but this piece caught my eye for a particular reason, starting with the label copy explaining the piece.
Mel Bochner
b. 1940
Theory of Painting 1969-1970
Newspaper & Spraypaint
Museum of Modern Art, New York City – acquired 1997
This piece was created by the artist in 1969-1970, and acquired by MoMA in 1997. I noticed that the room in the Seattle Art Museum where it was displayed had blue spray paint marks all over the floor as if it had been created right there in that room. Then I noticed the newsprint itself – was it from 1969 or 1970? Perhaps from 1997 when it was acquired by the MoMa? No. It was the Seattle Times newspaper from June of 2009!
Upon further research, I have found copyright notices for this piece on the MoMa website, Bochner’s own website, and a few other sites, listing it’s copyright date as 2006, 2008, and 2009. I did not find a copyright notice from 1969 or 1970.
Bochner created this concept of order and chaos as a Theory of Painting in 1969, demonstrating the concept through the use of newspaper and spraypaint. The Museum of Modern Art acquired the work in 1997, but what exactly did they get? Did Bochner come in and re-create his original piece for the museum, or did museum staff create it themselves? If the museum staff created it, did Bochner oversee the creation and installation? The piece in the MoMa archives says “not currently on view”. Does this mean the newsprint is stored away somewhere in the MoMa archives, or does the staff throw it away each time they take it down, and re-create it later? Is it not currently on view at the MoMa because it is on view in Seattle, even though the Seattle piece was obviously not shipped from NYC? If this work is copyrighted by both Bochner and the MoMa from multiple years, who really owns the rights to it? Who did the Seattle Art Museum pay in order to exhibit the piece? How is it “on loan” from the MoMa if it was made from a 2009 copy of the Seattle Times?
I stood in front of this piece for a good 10 minutes with all of these questions spinning through my mind. After doing quite a bit of research last night and this morning, I still don’t have any answers, and I’m still thinking about it.